Understanding the causes of dry socket is the first step toward preventing it. After a tooth is extracted, a blood clot naturally forms over the socket to protect the exposed bone and nerve endings while the tissue regenerates. If that clot breaks down prematurely or fails to form fully, the healing process is interrupted. According to a clinical review published by the National Institutes of Health, the incidence of dry socket after routine tooth extractions is rare, with reports ranging from 0.5% to 5%.
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Certain behaviors and factors increase the likelihood of developing this complication. Smoking is one of the most well-documented risk factors, as the suction involved in smoking can dislodge the clot, and nicotine reduces blood flow to the healing site. Using a straw, drinking carbonated beverages, or rinsing too aggressively in the first 24 to 48 hours after an extraction can have the same effect. Other factors include a prior history of dry socket, poor oral hygiene before the procedure, and certain medications that affect normal clotting.